Views: 1 创始人: Site Editor Publish Time: 2025-01-08 Origin: Site
什么是“回流焊工艺”?相信在半导体制造或者说电子制造领域,回流焊技术并不陌生。我们电脑内使用的各种板卡上的元件都是通过这种工艺焊接到线路板上的。这种设备内部有一个加热电路,它会将空气或者氮气加热到足够高的温度,然后吹向已经贴好元件的线路板,让元件两侧的焊料融化后与主板粘结。这种工艺具有温度易于控制、焊接过程中能避免氧化以及制造成本容易控制等优势。
回流焊是SMT(表面贴装技术)三大主要制程之一,由于其过程不可视,产品从进入到流出完全处于盲区,所以被业界称为“黑匣子”。相较于锡膏印刷制程与元件贴装制程的可视化,回流焊制程的不可视性使得业界同仁只能从炉后焊接结果推测焊接过程,并通过优化参数来获得想要的效果。为此,业界开发了回流焊仿真系统,能够模拟产品生产过程中的温度变化并观察焊接过程。
为了更精准地观察实际生产过程中的焊接细节,行业还开发出高温摄影系统。该系统跟随实际产品进入回流焊炉,将产品进入炉膛内的所有过程变化进行录像保存,以供后期观察、分析使用。为了获得理想的焊点,业界还开发出真空回流焊、真空汽相焊、真空炉、增压炉、立体炉、隧道炉等特殊设备,下面且听我详细道来。
一、传统回流焊的工作原理 所谓回流焊接制程,英文写作Reflow process,直译为再流焊制程或回流焊工艺。其基本工作原理是PCB(印刷电路板)、印刷的锡膏以及贴装的元件进入回流炉,在轨道的带动下慢慢进入炉膛内,炉膛的上下部位均可加热,早期是通过红外方式辐射热量,现在主要是热风吹入炉膛内,对PCB、锡膏、元件进行加热。
吹进炉膛的热风是由鼓风机(Blower)在马达的作用下将风吹出,穿过加热丝(Heater)加热变成热风,热风的温度由工艺人员设定。炉膛出风口装设测温线,能够实时感测热风的温度,并将监控结果传递给主控电脑,主控电脑会调整加热丝的电流功率以获得理想的热风温度。
吹进炉膛的热风将热量传递给元件、PCB、焊锡膏。随着产品的前行,产品温度逐渐升高,最终达到锡膏的熔点,锡膏锡粉颗粒熔化并润湿元件焊接端面与PCB焊盘,形成焊点。随后产品进入冷却区,炉膛内开始吹冷风以冷却产品,焊锡固化后从炉膛内送出,完成焊接。
炉膛内进入的热风将热量传递给产品,温度降低后被回收送入加热丝,再次加热到设定温度后送入炉膛继续工作。这就是回流炉工作的基本过程。将产品上任意点温度随着时间变化的轨迹记录下来,就是温度曲线。
回流炉内,轨道处于上下加热区的中心位置,上下一对儿加热区被称为一个温区,十温区的回流炉意味着有十对儿加热装置。回流炉的冷却区数量一般另行计算,不参与温区数量的计算。
二、回流焊的性能评估要点 工厂购置回流炉时,关心的因素众多,通常以下要素需要纳入考量并以此来验收设备。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<!--[endif]-->氮气炉、空气炉 回流焊热风可以是普通的空气,也可以用氮气替换空气,这种称为氮气炉。氮气炉是在回流焊设备中设置管道,为各加热区的鼓风机提供氮气,氮气被加热丝加热后送入炉膛内,对产品进行加热。氮气属于惰性气体,能够保护元件、PCB以及锡膏锡粉颗粒在高温下不被氧化,有助于熔化的焊锡润湿焊接端面。
氮气炉又分为全程充氮与局部充氮两种,全程充氮是指炉膛内所有加热温区均充氮气,从而良好地防护焊接端面。局部充氮是仅在焊锡熔化区充氮气,其它加热温区仍然使用空气作为加热媒介。例如十温区回流炉,第八区、第九区、第十区三区为熔化焊接区,充氮气作为加热媒介,第一区至第七区采用空气作为加热媒介,这种回流炉被称为局部充氮回流炉。如果炉子第一区至第十区全部采用氮气作为加热媒介,则为全程充氮回流炉。
氮气炉因为采用氮气作为加热媒介,可以防止焊接界面在高温环境下氧化,利于焊锡润湿,获得的焊点较亮。HDI(高密度互连)板产品由于元件尺寸小、密度高、锡膏量少,一般采用氮气炉焊接。普通产品可以使用空气炉焊接制程。氮气炉耗氮成为工厂日常运营的成本之一,业者可以根据产品需求,选择全程充氮、局部充氮或者空气炉。在设备评估及验收时,需要在控制炉膛内氧含量相同的条件下,计算耗氮量。耗氮量与炉膛高度、炉子密封性有关,业者在设备验收时需要检定此指标。需要特别指出的是,炉膛内氧含量侦测头的位置应位于出风口,安装在氮气入口的位置属于取巧行为,是不合格的。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<!--[endif]-->冷却方式:水冷与空气冷 回流炉的冷却方式决定了设备的冷却能力,对于大板、厚板、多层板、大热容板产品,普通的空气冷却方式很难获得合格的冷却斜率。冷却区需要采用水冷方式协助热交换以获得合格的冷却斜率。
业者在评估设备时,一般采用标准的铝基板测温,以此来判定设备冷却能力是否达标。行业要求冷却斜率需大于2°C/sec。市场上部分回流炉本身为水冷结构,但仍然达不到理想的冷却效果,其中一些因素需要另行考量,如果读者确实存在困扰,笔者再做解说。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<!--[endif]-->炉膛高度 Reflow炉膛高度决定了设备能够容纳的最大元件高度,如果炉膛高度不足,超高元件会卡在炉膛内,无法正常生产。在当今业界,通孔回流焊制程已是基础工艺,部分插装连接器高度超标无法通过回流炉,这成为部分企业的生产痛点,原本纯SMT生产可以处理的产品,因为回流炉设备能力问题而不得不增加波峰焊制程,导致生产流程拉长、生产效率降低、运营成本增加,企业竞争力下降,其本质是设备选型不当所致,业者不可不谨慎对待。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<!--[endif]-->轨道宽度 回流炉轨道宽度决定了企业能够生产产品的最大宽度。一般回流炉最大宽度均可以满足普通产品生产需求,服务器、5G基站等产品需要设备轨道宽度较大,购置设备时业者需要考量此因素。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<!--[endif]-->双规、单轨、多轨 单轨、双规、多轨设备是工厂提高生产效率的手段之一。企业为了在单位厂房面积内增加产出,通常会采用双规、多轨设备以提高生产效率。部分小微企业为了节省设备,可以购置双规异步的回流炉,使用一台回流炉满足两条生产线的正常生产。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<!--[endif]-->相邻温区最大温差 传统设备的相邻温区温差,升温区与均温区不超过30°C,熔化区最大温差可以设置到50°C。需要注意的是,相邻温区最大温差设置能力与防串温能力是联合评估的。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<!--[endif]-->相邻温区串温 评估设备的串温特性时,一般是将相邻温区温差设置到设备的极限值,例如第2区与第3区温差30°C,第8区与第9区温差50°C,用悬空线测定温度曲线,观察相邻温区间是否存在串温现象。
所谓串温现象,就是相邻温区间存在温度差,例如一区170°C,下一区210°C,如果炉子防串温能力差,170°C的温区温度可能变成了190°C,210°C的温区变成了200°C,本质上是设备的热风均匀性与回风系统能力不足。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<!--[endif]-->固定边、活动边、中间温差 固定边、中间、活动边的温差是由设备隔热能力决定的。设备隔热能力好,三者温差较小,反之温差较大。当然,这也是设备设计能力的体现,优秀的设备会考量固定边、活动边炉膛壁的散热导致的温差,一般的设备则会忽略此细节。
设备固定边、活动边、中间温差评估一般使用标准板,同排布设测温点,以评估三者温差,一般要求1°C以内的温差。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<!--[endif]-->空载、满载热补偿能力 设备空载、满载热补偿能力是设备的关键指标,评估的是实际生产时炉膛内塞满产品与炉膛内空置时测得温度曲线的差异,其本质是设备热补偿能力。
业者实际测温时,一般为生产开始前或转产时,此时炉膛内为净空状态;实际产品生产时炉膛内有一定量的产品,热容量加大。两种状态下测量的温度一旦存在较大差异,会导致实际生产温度偏离预设焊接条件。空载、满载温度测量操作如下:使用同一测温板、10块铝基板或金属载具或合成石载具、厚的PCB。在同一台炉子上,设置温度不变。
待设备升温到设置温度时(所有温区均达到设置温度,设备灯号为绿色),放入测温板与测温仪,测得设备空载温度曲线;待测温板冷却至室温,放入6块铝基板,再将测温板、测温仪放入,再跟随4块铝基板,测得满载温度曲线。比较二者测得数据差异,2°C以内温差合格,超过5°C温差,设备已不具备正常生产能力。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<!--[endif]-->最大设定温度 设备最大设定温度是设备能力的另一关键指标,例如部分汽车电子产品、工控电子产品,要求设备最大设置温度到500°C,普通回流焊无法满足生产需求,业者需要根据产品特性选定设备最大设定温度。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<!--[endif]-->最大载重能力 储能、逆变器、5G基站、服务器等超重产品,设备运载能力需要纳入评估范围。笔者见到的最重的5G产品单板(裸板)接近10Kg,这对普通炉子的传动系统是一个挑战,需要纳入评鉴范围。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<!--[endif]-->助焊剂回收能力 助焊剂回收能力在通孔回流焊制程中是十分重要的指标。例如笔记本电脑生产企业,如果回流焊助焊剂回收能力差,会导致设备冷却区及第一区、第二区残留大量助焊剂,经常会出现助焊剂滴落污染产品的现象,给企业设备保养增加工作难度,影响产品品质,影响车间环境(炉膛内气体溢出),此指标在设备评估过程中也是不可或缺的。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<!--[endif]-->热风均匀度与对流量 市场上有专用设备测定Reflow设备热风均匀度,热风均匀度决定了加热均匀性及气流流动稳定性,是十分关键的指标之一。业者对于公司内部设备性能检定,可以使用专用设备测定。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<!--[endif]-->回风系统与回风量 设备回风系统与回风量是保证炉膛内热风量的关键所在。回风量不足会导致炉膛内气体外溢;回风量过大会使热风流动速度过大,容易出现小元件、轻元件位移。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<!--[endif]-->加热精度 加热精度是设备设定值与实际值的漂移量,例如某温区设定温度210°C,如果设备温度在210°C±1°C范围内漂移,说明设备温度精准;如果设备温度在210°C±3°C范围内漂移,说明设备能力正常,在行业普通范围内;如果设备温度在210°C±5°C范围内漂移,说明设备能力较弱,同仁使用需谨慎。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<!--[endif]-->炉膛表面温度 设备表面温度是炉子隔热能力的直接体现,也是设备能耗的关键指标之一。SMT车间使用空调消耗电能保持车间恒温,如果设备表面温度很高,意味着Reflow消耗电能对车间加热,这种内耗会增加企业运营成本,最直观的就是增加电费而企业却不自知,不可谓不可怕。行业基本管制标准是,设备正常工作时,人员手摸设备表面(最高温区)不得有明显烫手的感觉。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->8.<!--[endif]-->实时监控系统
Reflow设备实时监控系统是信息化工厂的基础保证,是汽车电子产品生产的标配。实时监控系统可以记录设备每分每秒的工作状况,以备品质追踪所用,同时可以主动通知生产技术人员,避免设备性能指标漂移而不自知。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->9.<!--[endif]-->轨道振动 轨道振动直接影响双面板掉件的机率,业界测定时一般选用元件重量/焊接面积比值在0.8mN/mm²的样品,过炉10次,看是否有掉件现象出现,以此评估设备的轨道振动状况,当然也可以使用专业工具测量。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->10.<!--[endif]-->链速均匀度 市场上有成熟的链条速度均匀性测试仪,或者使用实时监控系统监控设备链条转动均匀性。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->11.<!--[endif]-->链条自我清洁能力 评估设备本身的自我润滑、自我清洁能力,这是汽车电子产品等高要求电子产品领域生产关注的指标。众多汽车电子产品要求零返修,不良品的出现会给企业带来很大的成本压力,而汽车电子产品不良中,异物是第一大不良,设备链条自我清洁、润滑能力是考量的主要指标之一。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->12.<!--[endif]-->温区数量与炉体长度 设备温区数量多,温度曲线调整会更加细腻,有利于PCBA业者优化温度曲线。炉体长度大,生产时链速可以更快,生产效率会更高。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->13.<!--[endif]-->轨道流向 轨道流向需要满足产线整体流向规划,如从左向右流,从右向左流。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->14.<!--[endif]-->轨道变形量 轨道变形量是设备评估的重要指标,设备在高温环境下工作,轨道调宽时常常出现喇叭口、大肚子状况。喇叭口轨道会增加生产掉件、掉板的机率,大肚子会导致掉板异常。设备轨道变形量一般在验收时需要检定,一般要求轨道变形量0.5mm以内,可以使用一板法自行测定。
三、回流焊先进技术发展现状及应用 传统的氮气炉、空气炉技术成熟,业界使用广泛,但随着产品高可靠性要求的发展,传统的回流炉越来越难以满足产品需求,业界为此开发了其它的焊接设备,以适应行业发展需求。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<!--[endif]-->真空回流焊、真空汽相焊 众所周知,焊接时焊锡熔化,焊点内未逃出的气体被包裹在焊锡内形成气泡。气泡的存在影响焊点强度,影响高频信号的传输,影响产品可靠性。要获得低气泡焊点,焊锡熔化时抽真空是有效的手段,真空回流焊因此应运而生。真空回流焊的工作机理如下图所示。
真空回流焊将设备轨道从一体分切成三段,以十温区回流炉为例,1至3区为升温区,4区至7区为均温区,第8区和9区焊锡熔化,第10区抽真空,将焊点内气泡抽出,而后进入冷却区。第1温区至第9温区为第一段轨道,第10区单独一段轨道,冷却区及出炉部分为第三段轨道。
真空回流焊经过十几年的发展逐渐成熟,真空区从原来的纯保温抽真空到现在的红外加热抽真空,对产品IMC(金属间化合物)的生成及温度曲线的调整影响已基本可以忽略。相信未来真空回流焊在更多高端产品上的应用会愈加广泛。真空回流焊设备评估时需要注意以下事项:轨道变形与卡板;真空抽取分阶段;真空腔体加热能力;真空区总体时间节拍,一般建议采用双规设备;真空密封度等。
部分医疗产品元件不耐高温,部分通讯产品部件不耐高温,产品必须在有限的温度条件下完成焊接,这就催生了汽相焊接。
汽相焊接的基本原理是选用合适的固定沸点的液体,对其加热使其汽化,汽化的液体对腔体内的产品加热,冷却后的气体变成液体重新汇集到底部,再加热汽化,反复使用,直至焊锡熔化形成焊点。为减少焊点内的气泡,汽相焊最后阶段也抽真空除气泡,这就是真空汽相焊。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<!--[endif]-->甲酸炉、氮氢炉 在IC封装领域焊接制程中,焊点尺寸很小,如倒装芯片焊点仅仅30um左右,此类微小的焊点封装前必须清洗干净,而微间隙清洗困难,且成本高、不符合环保要求。这就要求IC Package制程不使用助焊剂,但无助焊剂的协助,焊接界面的氧化层无法清除,影响焊接品质。
氮氢炉、甲酸炉、乙酸炉可以很好地解决此问题。这种焊接设备工作时不使用助焊剂,待焊接产品放入炉膛内,关闭炉膛抽真空,加热时在炉膛内充氮气、氢气充当还原剂,清除焊接界面的氧化层。焊接后无需对产品清洗即可进入下一工序。这种设备在IC封装领域应用较多,近年在中国大陆IGBT烧结领域应用广泛。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<!--[endif]-->烧结炉 汽车电子领域烧结工艺应用很早,早期的烧结使用铜膏、银膏,烧结后仍需清洁,其应用如下图所示:
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<!--[endif]-->垂直炉 垂直炉广泛用于胶粘剂固化领域,其基本工作原理为产品连续性在线生产,如Underfill制程,底填后的产品带着胶水进入垂直炉,每进入一块产品,轨道向上升格。当产品升到最顶层时,传送到另一侧,再一格一格下降直到轨道平面,最后被传送出去。
这个大几字型的结构,可以在占用很少平面空间的前提下,拉长产品在炉膛内的加热时间,最长可以到2小时。这对于需要加热固化的底填胶、灌封胶、密封胶固化制程而言,不再需要一批一批的烘烤固化,节省人力物力,节省厂房空间。垂直炉在当今行业应用越来越普及。
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<!--[endif]-->隧道炉 对于大规模灌封胶产品而言,因胶水的固化时间很长,产品占用空间很大,如白色家电产品,为解决固化效率及缩减固化占用空间的问题,隧道炉是效益不错的方案。隧道炉的基本工作机理是将产品存放于基板台车内,整台车进入炉膛内烘烤固化,实现连续生产而占用空间大幅度缩小。
总结一下 市场需求是技术发展的原动力,传统的焊接技术,除了本文中所述的几种,还有激光焊接、微火焊接、熔接、电阻焊接、超声热压焊接、滴焊、群焊(多点焊)、mini焊、选择焊、机械手焊接等一些业界比较特殊的焊接技术。有机会我也会在这里不定期地一一给大家分享的。
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title | '回流焊工艺应用及详解' |
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description | '本公司系臺灣諾菲爾集團公司麾下企業,是一家專業從事精密電子焊接材料研發、生産及銷售的高新技術公司,主要産品有:助焊劑、清洗劑、抹機水、絶緣漆、焊錫膏、焊錫條、焊錫綫等電子組裝焊接材料.咨询电话:+86' |
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author | '创始人' |
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content | '<p class="MsoNormal">什么是<span lang="EN-US">“</span>回流焊工艺<span lang="EN-US">”</span>?相信在半导体制造或者说电子制造领域,回流焊技术并不陌生。我们电脑内使用的各种板卡上的元件都是通过这种工艺焊接到线路板上的。这种设备内部有一个加热电路,它会将空气或者氮气加热到足够高的温度,然后吹向已经贴好元件的线路板,让元件两侧的焊料融化后与主板粘结。这种工艺具有温度易于控制、焊接过程中能避免氧化以及制造成本容易控制等优势。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">回流焊是<span lang="EN-US">SMT</span>(表面贴装技术)三大主要制程之一,由于其过程不可视,产品从进入到流出完全处于盲区,所以被业界称为<span lang="EN-US">“</span>黑匣子<span lang="EN-US">”</span>。相较于锡膏印刷制程与元件贴装制程的可视化,<a href="/cn/news/" target="_blank"><font color="#ff0000">回流焊</font></a>制程的不可视性使得业界同仁只能从炉后焊接结果推测焊接过程,并通过优化参数来获得想要的效果。为此,业界开发了回流焊仿真系统,能够模拟产品生产过程中的温度变化并观察焊接过程。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">为了更精准地观察实际生产过程中的焊接细节,行业还开发出高温摄影系统。该系统跟随实际产品进入回流焊炉,将产品进入炉膛内的所有过程变化进行录像保存,以供后期观察、分析使用。为了获得理想的焊点,业界还开发出真空回流焊、真空汽相焊、真空炉、增压炉、立体炉、隧道炉等特殊设备,下面且听我详细道来。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">一、传统回流焊的工作原理 所谓回流焊接制程,英文写作<span lang="EN-US">Reflow process</span>,直译为再流焊制程或回流焊工艺。其基本工作原理是<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>(印刷电路板)、印刷的<a href="/cn/Lead_Free_Solder_Paste/32.html" target="_blank"><font color="#ff0000">锡膏</font></a>以及贴装的元件进入回流炉,在轨道的带动下慢慢进入炉膛内,炉膛的上下部位均可加热,早期是通过红外方式辐射热量,现在主要是热风吹入炉膛内,对<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>、锡膏、元件进行加热。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">吹进炉膛的热风是由鼓风机(<span lang="EN-US">Blower</span>)在马达的作用下将风吹出,穿过加热丝(<span lang="EN-US">Heater</span>)加热变成热风,热风的温度由工艺人员设定。炉膛出风口装设测温线,能够实时感测热风的温度,并将监控结果传递给主控电脑,主控电脑会调整加热丝的电流功率以获得理想的热风温度。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">吹进炉膛的热风将热量传递给元件、<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>、焊锡膏。随着产品的前行,产品温度逐渐升高,最终达到锡膏的熔点,锡膏锡粉颗粒熔化并润湿元件焊接端面与<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>焊盘,形成焊点。随后产品进入冷却区,炉膛内开始吹冷风以冷却产品,焊锡固化后从炉膛内送出,完成焊接。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">炉膛内进入的热风将热量传递给产品,温度降低后被回收送入加热丝,再次加热到设定温度后送入炉膛继续工作。这就是回流炉工作的基本过程。将产品上任意点温度随着时间变化的轨迹记录下来,就是温度曲线。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">回流炉内,轨道处于上下加热区的中心位置,上下一对儿加热区被称为一个温区,十温区的回流炉意味着有十对儿加热装置。回流炉的冷却区数量一般另行计算,不参与温区数量的计算。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">二、回流焊的性能评估要点 工厂购置回流炉时,关心的因素众多,通常以下要素需要纳入考量并以此来验收设备。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">1.</span><!--[endif]-->氮气炉、空气炉 回流焊热风可以是普通的空气,也可以用氮气替换空气,这种称为氮气炉。氮气炉是在回流焊设备中设置管道,为各加热区的鼓风机提供氮气,氮气被加热丝加热后送入炉膛内,对产品进行加热。氮气属于惰性气体,能够保护元件、<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>以及锡膏锡粉颗粒在高温下不被氧化,有助于熔化的焊锡润湿焊接端面。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">氮气炉又分为全程充氮与局部充氮两种,全程充氮是指炉膛内所有加热温区均充氮气,从而良好地防护焊接端面。局部充氮是仅在焊锡熔化区充氮气,其它加热温区仍然使用空气作为加热媒介。例如十温区回流炉,第八区、第九区、第十区三区为熔化焊接区,充氮气作为加热媒介,第一区至第七区采用空气作为加热媒介,这种回流炉被称为局部充氮回流炉。如果炉子第一区至第十区全部采用氮气作为加热媒介,则为全程充氮回流炉。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">氮气炉因为采用氮气作为加热媒介,可以防止焊接界面在高温环境下氧化,利于焊锡润湿,获得的焊点较亮。<span lang="EN-US">HDI</span>(高密度互连)板产品由于元件尺寸小、密度高、锡膏量少,一般采用氮气炉焊接。普通产品可以使用空气炉焊接制程。氮气炉耗氮成为工厂日常运营的成本之一,业者可以根据产品需求,选择全程充氮、局部充氮或者空气炉。在设备评估及验收时,需要在控制炉膛内氧含量相同的条件下,计算耗氮量。耗氮量与炉膛高度、炉子密封性有关,业者在设备验收时需要检定此指标。需要特别指出的是,炉膛内氧含量侦测头的位置应位于出风口,安装在氮气入口的位置属于取巧行为,是不合格的。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo2"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">1.</span><!--[endif]-->冷却方式:水冷与空气冷 回流炉的冷却方式决定了设备的冷却能力,对于大板、厚板、多层板、大热容板产品,普通的空气冷却方式很难获得合格的冷却斜率。冷却区需要采用水冷方式协助热交换以获得合格的冷却斜率。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">业者在评估设备时,一般采用标准的铝基板测温,以此来判定设备冷却能力是否达标。行业要求冷却斜率需大于<span lang="EN-US">2°C/sec</span>。市场上部分回流炉本身为水冷结构,但仍然达不到理想的冷却效果,其中一些因素需要另行考量,如果读者确实存在困扰,笔者再做解说。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo3"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">1.</span><!--[endif]-->炉膛高度<span lang="EN-US"> Reflow</span>炉膛高度决定了设备能够容纳的最大元件高度,如果炉膛高度不足,超高元件会卡在炉膛内,无法正常生产。在当今业界,通孔回流焊制程已是基础工艺,部分插装连接器高度超标无法通过回流炉,这成为部分企业的生产痛点,原本纯<span lang="EN-US">SMT</span>生产可以处理的产品,因为回流炉设备能力问题而不得不增加波峰焊制程,导致生产流程拉长、生产效率降低、运营成本增加,企业竞争力下降,其本质是设备选型不当所致,业者不可不谨慎对待。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo3"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">2.</span><!--[endif]-->轨道宽度 回流炉轨道宽度决定了企业能够生产产品的最大宽度。一般回流炉最大宽度均可以满足普通产品生产需求,服务器、<span lang="EN-US">5G</span>基站等产品需要设备轨道宽度较大,购置设备时业者需要考量此因素。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo3"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">3.</span><!--[endif]-->双规、单轨、多轨 单轨、双规、多轨设备是工厂提高生产效率的手段之一。企业为了在单位厂房面积内增加产出,通常会采用双规、多轨设备以提高生产效率。部分小微企业为了节省设备,可以购置双规异步的回流炉,使用一台回流炉满足两条生产线的正常生产。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo3"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">4.</span><!--[endif]-->相邻温区最大温差 传统设备的相邻温区温差,升温区与均温区不超过<span lang="EN-US">30°C</span>,熔化区最大温差可以设置到<span lang="EN-US">50°C</span>。需要注意的是,相邻温区最大温差设置能力与防串温能力是联合评估的。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo3"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">5.</span><!--[endif]-->相邻温区串温 评估设备的串温特性时,一般是将相邻温区温差设置到设备的极限值,例如第<span lang="EN-US">2</span>区与第<span lang="EN-US">3</span>区温差<span lang="EN-US">30°C</span>,第<span lang="EN-US">8</span>区与第<span lang="EN-US">9</span>区温差<span lang="EN-US">50°C</span>,用悬空线测定温度曲线,观察相邻温区间是否存在串温现象。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">所谓串温现象,就是相邻温区间存在温度差,例如一区<span lang="EN-US">170°C</span>,下一区<span lang="EN-US">210°C</span>,如果炉子防串温能力差,<span lang="EN-US">170°C</span>的温区温度可能变成了<span lang="EN-US">190°C</span>,<span lang="EN-US">210°C</span>的温区变成了<span lang="EN-US">200°C</span>,本质上是设备的热风均匀性与回风系统能力不足。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo4"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">1.</span><!--[endif]-->固定边、活动边、中间温差 固定边、中间、活动边的温差是由设备隔热能力决定的。设备隔热能力好,三者温差较小,反之温差较大。当然,这也是设备设计能力的体现,优秀的设备会考量固定边、活动边炉膛壁的散热导致的温差,一般的设备则会忽略此细节。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">设备固定边、活动边、中间温差评估一般使用标准板,同排布设测温点,以评估三者温差,一般要求<span lang="EN-US">1°C</span>以内的温差。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo5"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">1.</span><!--[endif]-->空载、满载热补偿能力 设备空载、满载热补偿能力是设备的关键指标,评估的是实际生产时炉膛内塞满产品与炉膛内空置时测得温度曲线的差异,其本质是设备热补偿能力。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">业者实际测温时,一般为生产开始前或转产时,此时炉膛内为净空状态;实际产品生产时炉膛内有一定量的产品,热容量加大。两种状态下测量的温度一旦存在较大差异,会导致实际生产温度偏离预设焊接条件。空载、满载温度测量操作如下:使用同一测温板、<span lang="EN-US">10</span>块铝基板或金属载具或合成石载具、厚的<span lang="EN-US">PCB</span>。在同一台炉子上,设置温度不变。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">待设备升温到设置温度时(所有温区均达到设置温度,设备灯号为绿色),放入测温板与测温仪,测得设备空载温度曲线;待测温板冷却至室温,放入<span lang="EN-US">6</span>块铝基板,再将测温板、测温仪放入,再跟随<span lang="EN-US">4</span>块铝基板,测得满载温度曲线。比较二者测得数据差异,<span lang="EN-US">2°C</span>以内温差合格,超过<span lang="EN-US">5°C</span>温差,设备已不具备正常生产能力。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo6"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">1.</span><!--[endif]-->最大设定温度 设备最大设定温度是设备能力的另一关键指标,例如部分汽车电子产品、工控电子产品,要求设备最大设置温度到<span lang="EN-US">500°C</span>,普通回流焊无法满足生产需求,业者需要根据产品特性选定设备最大设定温度。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo6"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">2.</span><!--[endif]-->最大载重能力 储能、逆变器、<span lang="EN-US">5G</span>基站、服务器等超重产品,设备运载能力需要纳入评估范围。笔者见到的最重的<span lang="EN-US">5G</span>产品单板(裸板)接近<span lang="EN-US">10Kg</span>,这对普通炉子的传动系统是一个挑战,需要纳入评鉴范围。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo6"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">3.</span><!--[endif]--><a href="/cn/Welding_Additives/86.html" target="_blank"><font color="#ff0000">助焊剂</font></a>回收能力 助焊剂回收能力在通孔回流焊制程中是十分重要的指标。例如笔记本电脑生产企业,如果回流焊助焊剂回收能力差,会导致设备冷却区及第一区、第二区残留大量助焊剂,经常会出现助焊剂滴落污染产品的现象,给企业设备保养增加工作难度,影响产品品质,影响车间环境(炉膛内气体溢出),此指标在设备评估过程中也是不可或缺的。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo6"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">4.</span><!--[endif]-->热风均匀度与对流量 市场上有专用设备测定<span lang="EN-US">Reflow</span>设备热风均匀度,热风均匀度决定了加热均匀性及气流流动稳定性,是十分关键的指标之一。业者对于公司内部设备性能检定,可以使用专用设备测定。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo6"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">5.</span><!--[endif]-->回风系统与回风量 设备回风系统与回风量是保证炉膛内热风量的关键所在。回风量不足会导致炉膛内气体外溢;回风量过大会使热风流动速度过大,容易出现小元件、轻元件位移。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo6"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">6.</span><!--[endif]-->加热精度 加热精度是设备设定值与实际值的漂移量,例如某温区设定温度<span lang="EN-US">210°C</span>,如果设备温度在<span lang="EN-US">210°C±1°C</span>范围内漂移,说明设备温度精准;如果设备温度在<span lang="EN-US">210°C±3°C</span>范围内漂移,说明设备能力正常,在行业普通范围内;如果设备温度在<span lang="EN-US">210°C±5°C</span>范围内漂移,说明设备能力较弱,同仁使用需谨慎。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo6"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">7.</span><!--[endif]-->炉膛表面温度 设备表面温度是炉子隔热能力的直接体现,也是设备能耗的关键指标之一。<span lang="EN-US">SMT</span>车间使用空调消耗电能保持车间恒温,如果设备表面温度很高,意味着<span lang="EN-US">Reflow</span>消耗电能对车间加热,这种内耗会增加企业运营成本,最直观的就是增加电费而企业却不自知,不可谓不可怕。行业基本管制标准是,设备正常工作时,人员手摸设备表面(最高温区)不得有明显烫手的感觉。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo6"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">8.</span><!--[endif]-->实时监控系统<span lang="EN-US"> Reflow</span>设备实时监控系统是信息化工厂的基础保证,是汽车电子产品生产的标配。实时监控系统可以记录设备每分每秒的工作状况,以备品质追踪所用,同时可以主动通知生产技术人员,避免设备性能指标漂移而不自知。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo6"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">9.</span><!--[endif]-->轨道振动 轨道振动直接影响双面板掉件的机率,业界测定时一般选用元件重量<span lang="EN-US">/</span>焊接面积比值在<span lang="EN-US">0.8mN/mm²</span>的样品,过炉<span lang="EN-US">10</span>次,看是否有掉件现象出现,以此评估设备的轨道振动状况,当然也可以使用专业工具测量。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo6"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">10.</span><!--[endif]-->链速均匀度 市场上有成熟的链条速度均匀性测试仪,或者使用实时监控系统监控设备链条转动均匀性。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo6"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">11.</span><!--[endif]-->链条自我清洁能力 评估设备本身的自我润滑、自我清洁能力,这是汽车电子产品等高要求电子产品领域生产关注的指标。众多汽车电子产品要求零返修,不良品的出现会给企业带来很大的成本压力,而汽车电子产品不良中,异物是第一大不良,设备链条自我清洁、润滑能力是考量的主要指标之一。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo6"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">12.</span><!--[endif]-->温区数量与炉体长度 设备温区数量多,温度曲线调整会更加细腻,有利于<span lang="EN-US">PCBA</span>业者优化温度曲线。炉体长度大,生产时链速可以更快,生产效率会更高。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo6"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">13.</span><!--[endif]-->轨道流向 轨道流向需要满足产线整体流向规划,如从左向右流,从右向左流。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo6"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">14.</span><!--[endif]-->轨道变形量 轨道变形量是设备评估的重要指标,设备在高温环境下工作,轨道调宽时常常出现喇叭口、大肚子状况。喇叭口轨道会增加生产掉件、掉板的机率,大肚子会导致掉板异常。设备轨道变形量一般在验收时需要检定,一般要求轨道变形量<span lang="EN-US">0.5mm</span>以内,可以使用一板法自行测定。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo6"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><br></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo6"><img title="398" alt="398" src="/uploadfile/202412/f9a616bd9fe9410.jpg"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p><br></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">三、回流焊先进技术发展现状及应用 传统的氮气炉、空气炉技术成熟,业界使用广泛,但随着产品高可靠性要求的发展,传统的回流炉越来越难以满足产品需求,业界为此开发了其它的焊接设备,以适应行业发展需求。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l4 level1 lfo7"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">1.</span><!--[endif]-->真空回流焊、真空汽相焊 众所周知,焊接时焊锡熔化,焊点内未逃出的气体被包裹在焊锡内形成气泡。气泡的存在影响焊点强度,影响高频信号的传输,影响产品可靠性。要获得低气泡焊点,焊锡熔化时抽真空是有效的手段,真空回流焊因此应运而生。真空回流焊的工作机理如下图所示。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">真空回流焊将设备轨道从一体分切成三段,以十温区回流炉为例,<span lang="EN-US">1</span>至<span lang="EN-US">3</span>区为升温区,<span lang="EN-US">4</span>区至<span lang="EN-US">7</span>区为均温区,第<span lang="EN-US">8</span>区和<span lang="EN-US">9</span>区焊锡熔化,第<span lang="EN-US">10</span>区抽真空,将焊点内气泡抽出,而后进入冷却区。第<span lang="EN-US">1</span>温区至第<span lang="EN-US">9</span>温区为第一段轨道,第<span lang="EN-US">10</span>区单独一段轨道,冷却区及出炉部分为第三段轨道。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">真空回流焊经过十几年的发展逐渐成熟,真空区从原来的纯保温抽真空到现在的红外加热抽真空,对产品<span lang="EN-US">IMC</span>(金属间化合物)的生成及温度曲线的调整影响已基本可以忽略。相信未来真空回流焊在更多高端产品上的应用会愈加广泛。真空回流焊设备评估时需要注意以下事项:轨道变形与卡板;真空抽取分阶段;真空腔体加热能力;真空区总体时间节拍,一般建议采用双规设备;真空密封度等。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">部分医疗产品元件不耐高温,部分通讯产品部件不耐高温,产品必须在有限的温度条件下完成焊接,这就催生了汽相焊接。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">汽相焊接的基本原理是选用合适的固定沸点的液体,对其加热使其汽化,汽化的液体对腔体内的产品加热,冷却后的气体变成液体重新汇集到底部,再加热汽化,反复使用,直至焊锡熔化形成焊点。为减少焊点内的气泡,汽相焊最后阶段也抽真空除气泡,这就是真空汽相焊。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo8"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">1.</span><!--[endif]-->甲酸炉、氮氢炉 在<span lang="EN-US">IC</span>封装领域焊接制程中,焊点尺寸很小,如倒装芯片焊点仅仅<span lang="EN-US">30um</span>左右,此类微小的焊点封装前必须清洗干净,而微间隙清洗困难,且成本高、不符合环保要求。这就要求<span lang="EN-US">IC Package</span>制程不使用助焊剂,但无<a href="/cn/Welding_Additives/86.html" target="_blank">助焊剂</a>的协助,焊接界面的氧化层无法清除,影响焊接品质。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">氮氢炉、甲酸炉、乙酸炉可以很好地解决此问题。这种焊接设备工作时不使用助焊剂,待焊接产品放入炉膛内,关闭炉膛抽真空,加热时在炉膛内充氮气、氢气充当还原剂,清除焊接界面的氧化层。焊接后无需对产品清洗即可进入下一工序。这种设备在<span lang="EN-US">IC</span>封装领域应用较多,近年在中国大陆<span lang="EN-US">IGBT</span>烧结领域应用广泛。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo9"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">1.</span><!--[endif]-->烧结炉 汽车电子领域烧结工艺应用很早,早期的烧结使用铜膏、银膏,烧结后仍需清洁,其应用如下图所示:<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l8 level1 lfo9"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">2.</span><!--[endif]-->垂直炉 垂直炉广泛用于胶粘剂固化领域,其基本工作原理为产品连续性在线生产,如<span lang="EN-US">Underfill</span>制程,底填后的产品带着胶水进入垂直炉,每进入一块产品,轨道向上升格。当产品升到最顶层时,传送到另一侧,再一格一格下降直到轨道平面,最后被传送出去。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">这个大几字型的结构,可以在占用很少平面空间的前提下,拉长产品在炉膛内的加热时间,最长可以到<span lang="EN-US">2</span>小时。这对于需要加热固化的底填胶、灌封胶、密封胶固化制程而言,不再需要一批一批的烘烤固化,节省人力物力,节省厂房空间。垂直炉在当今行业应用越来越普及。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:0cm;text-indent:0cm;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo10"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体">1.</span><!--[endif]-->隧道炉 对于大规模灌封胶产品而言,因胶水的固化时间很长,产品占用空间很大,如白色家电产品,为解决固化效率及缩减固化占用空间的问题,隧道炉是效益不错的方案。隧道炉的基本工作机理是将产品存放于基板台车内,整台车进入炉膛内烘烤固化,实现连续生产而占用空间大幅度缩小。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">总结一下 市场需求是技术发展的原动力,传统的焊接技术,除了本文中所述的几种,还有激光焊接、微火焊接、熔接、电阻焊接、超声热压焊接、滴焊、群焊(多点焊)、<span lang="EN-US">mini</span>焊、选择焊、机械手焊接等一些业界比较特殊的焊接技术。有机会我也会在这里不定期地一一给大家分享的。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><img title="009" alt="009" src="/uploadfile/202411/11699e7e9c6d33d.jpg"></p>' |
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meta_title | ' lead-free solder paste, halogen-free solder paste, environmentally friendly solder paste, silver containi' |
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The company introduced a number of high-end production equipment and manufacturing process, with more than 10 automated assembly lines and more than 50 sets of modern processing equipment, to ensure that the products have high efficiency, reliability and excellent performance. The company's main electronic cleaner, flux, solder wire, solder paste, anhydrous ethanol, three-proof paint, etc., the sales network throughout the provinces and more than 40 countries and regions in the world.</p></div></div></div></div></div><p><br/><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Poppins; font-size: 15px; text-wrap: wrap;"></span>Nofil Electronic Technologysells and produces ‘Noble Flower’ brand electronic soldering products, and ‘OEM’ with famous enterprises at home and abroad. In recent years, the improvement of management technology has given a strong guarantee to the quality of products. Coupled with perfect after-sales service, the company has been recognised by the electronic welding products industry.</p><p><br/></p>', 'setting' => array ( 'disabled' => '0', 'linkurl' => '', 'getchild' => '0', 'notedit' => 0, 'urlrule' => 2, 'seo' => array ( 'list_title' => 'Solder paste, lead-free solder paste, halogen-free solder paste, environmentally friendly solder paste, silver containing solder paste_Nble Flower Technology', 'list_keywords' => 'Lead solder paste, lead-free solder paste, silver containing solder paste, lead-free solder paste, halogen-free solder paste, environmentally friendly solder paste, lead-free solder paste, halogen-free solder paste, no cleaning solder paste, metal cleaning agent, industrial cleaning agent, tile cleaning agent, photovoltaic panel cleaning agent, ink hole opening agent, paint remover, water-based cleaning agent, glue remover, anhydrous ethanol, thinner, lead-free solder wire, halogen-free solder wire, solder bar, silver containing solder wire, solder bar, three proof paint ', 'list_description' => 'Our company is a subsidiary of Taiwan\'s Nofel Group, established in Suzhou, Jiangsu in 2006. 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Kint.php | APPPATH/System/ThirdParty/Kint/Kint.php |
Lang.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Lang.php |
Logger.php | APPPATH/Config/Logger.php |
Logger.php | APPPATH/System/Log/Logger.php |
LoggerInterface.php | APPPATH/System/ThirdParty/PSR/Log/LoggerInterface.php |
Logs.php | APPPATH/System/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Logs.php |
Member.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Model/Member.php |
Message.php | APPPATH/System/HTTP/Message.php |
MessageInterface.php | APPPATH/System/HTTP/MessageInterface.php |
MessageTrait.php | APPPATH/System/HTTP/MessageTrait.php |
Model.php | APPPATH/Extend/Model.php |
Model.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Model.php |
Module.php | FCPATH/App/Module/Extends/Home/Module.php |
Module_init.php | FCPATH/App/Module/Config/Module_init.php |
Modules.php | APPPATH/Config/Modules.php |
Modules.php | APPPATH/System/Modules/Modules.php |
Paths.php | APPPATH/Config/Paths.php |
Phpcmf.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Phpcmf.php |
Query.php | APPPATH/System/Database/Query.php |
QueryInterface.php | APPPATH/System/Database/QueryInterface.php |
Renderer.php | APPPATH/System/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/Renderer.php |
RendererInterface.php | APPPATH/System/View/RendererInterface.php |
Request.php | APPPATH/Extend/Request.php |
Request.php | APPPATH/System/HTTP/Request.php |
RequestInterface.php | APPPATH/System/HTTP/RequestInterface.php |
RequestTrait.php | APPPATH/System/HTTP/RequestTrait.php |
Response.php | APPPATH/System/HTTP/Response.php |
ResponseInterface.php | APPPATH/System/HTTP/ResponseInterface.php |
ResponseTrait.php | APPPATH/System/API/ResponseTrait.php |
ResponseTrait.php | APPPATH/System/HTTP/ResponseTrait.php |
Result.php | APPPATH/System/Database/MySQLi/Result.php |
ResultInterface.php | APPPATH/System/Database/ResultInterface.php |
RichRenderer.php | APPPATH/System/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/RichRenderer.php |
RouteCollection.php | APPPATH/System/Router/RouteCollection.php |
RouteCollectionInterface.php | APPPATH/System/Router/RouteCollectionInterface.php |
Router.php | APPPATH/System/Router/Router.php |
Router.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Router.php |
RouterInterface.php | APPPATH/System/Router/RouterInterface.php |
Routes.php | APPPATH/Config/Routes.php |
Routes.php | APPPATH/Extend/Routes.php |
Routes.php | APPPATH/System/Config/Routes.php |
Routes.php | APPPATH/System/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Routes.php |
Run.php | FCPATH/App/Module/Config/Run.php |
Security.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Security.php |
Seo.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Library/Seo.php |
Service.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/Service.php |
Services.php | APPPATH/Config/Services.php |
Services.php | APPPATH/System/Config/Services.php |
Show.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Control/Show.php |
Text.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Text.php |
TextRenderer.php | APPPATH/System/ThirdParty/Kint/Renderer/TextRenderer.php |
Textarea.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Field/Textarea.php |
Timer.php | APPPATH/System/Debug/Timer.php |
Timers.php | APPPATH/System/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Timers.php |
Toolbar.php | APPPATH/Config/Toolbar.php |
Toolbar.php | APPPATH/System/Debug/Toolbar.php |
URI.php | APPPATH/System/HTTP/URI.php |
UserAgent.php | APPPATH/System/HTTP/UserAgent.php |
UserAgents.php | APPPATH/Config/UserAgents.php |
Utils.php | APPPATH/System/ThirdParty/Kint/Utils.php |
Version.php | FCPATH/My/Config/Version.php |
View.php | APPPATH/Config/View.php |
View.php | APPPATH/Extend/View.php |
View.php | APPPATH/System/Config/View.php |
View.php | APPPATH/System/View/View.php |
View.php | FCPATH/Fcms/Core/View.php |
Views.php | APPPATH/System/Debug/Toolbar/Collectors/Views.php |
app_client.php | /www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/cache/config/app_client.php |
app_client_seo.php | /www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/cache/config/app_client_seo.php |
custom.php | /www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/config/custom.php |
database.php | /www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/config/database.php |
domain_app.php | /www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/cache/config/domain_app.php |
domain_client.php | /www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/cache/config/domain_client.php |
hooks.php | /www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/config/hooks.php |
index.php | /www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/index.php |
init.php | APPPATH/System/ThirdParty/Kint/init.php |
init_helpers.php | APPPATH/System/ThirdParty/Kint/init_helpers.php |
lang.php | /www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/api/language/zh-cn/lang.php |
rewrite.php | /www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/config/rewrite.php |
site.php | /www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/cache/config/site.php |
system.php | /www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/cache/config/system.php |
template_DS_pc_DS_default_DS_home_DS_footer.html.cache.php | /www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/cache/template/template_DS_pc_DS_default_DS_home_DS_footer.html.cache.php |
template_DS_pc_DS_default_DS_home_DS_header.html.cache.php | /www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/cache/template/template_DS_pc_DS_default_DS_home_DS_header.html.cache.php |
template_DS_pc_DS_default_DS_home_DS_show_news.html.cache.php | /www/wwwroot/49.235.147.58/cache/template/template_DS_pc_DS_default_DS_home_DS_show_news.html.cache.php |
url_helper.php | APPPATH/System/Helpers/url_helper.php |
File: | {file} |
App: | |
Controller: | show |
Method: | index |
URI: | show/index |
URL: | https://www.fgh-sz.com/news/221.html |
Time | Event Name | Times Called |
---|---|---|
12.38 ms | pre_system | 1 |
0.11 ms | dbquery | 5 |
Action | Datetime | Status | Method | URL | Content-Type | Is AJAX? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2025-05-23 12:14:09 | 200 | GET | https://www.fgh-sz.com/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-05-23 12:12:51 | 200 | GET | https://fgh-sz.com/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-05-23 12:11:43 | 200 | GET | https://www.fgh-sz.com/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-05-23 12:10:15 | 200 | GET | https://ctkfmlvxyud.fgh-sz.com/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-05-23 12:10:12 | 200 | GET | https://ctkfmlvxyud.fgh-sz.com/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | Yes | |
2025-05-23 12:09:26 | 200 | GET | https://ctkfmlvxyud.fgh-sz.com/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-05-23 12:08:02 | 200 | GET | https://www.fgh-sz.com/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-05-23 12:03:33 | 200 | GET | https://fgh-sz.com/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-05-23 12:03:02 | 200 | GET | https://www.fgh-sz.com/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-05-23 12:01:54 | 200 | GET | https://ppjcus.fgh-sz.com/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-05-23 11:52:54 | 200 | GET | https://fgh-sz.com/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-05-23 11:51:19 | 200 | GET | https://www.fgh-sz.com/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-05-23 11:46:49 | 200 | GET | https://www.fgh-sz.com/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-05-23 11:46:25 | 200 | GET | https://www.fgh-sz.com/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-05-23 11:46:04 | 200 | GET | https://www.fgh-sz.com/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-05-23 11:45:46 | 200 | GET | https://www.fgh-sz.com/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-05-23 11:45:44 | 200 | GET | https://www.fgh-sz.com/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-05-23 11:45:18 | 200 | GET | https://fgh-sz.com/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-05-23 11:44:43 | 200 | GET | https://www.fgh-sz.com/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No | |
2025-05-23 11:39:44 | 200 | GET | https://www.fgh-sz.com/ | text/html; charset=UTF-8 | No |
Session doesn't seem to be active.
c | show |
id | 221 |
m | index |
Priority | u=0, i |
Accept-Encoding | gzip, deflate, br, zstd |
Sec-Fetch-Dest | document |
Sec-Fetch-User | ?1 |
Sec-Fetch-Mode | navigate |
Sec-Fetch-Site | none |
Accept | text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7 |
User-Agent | Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com) |
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests | 1 |
Sec-Ch-Ua-Platform | "Windows" |
Sec-Ch-Ua-Mobile | ?0 |
Sec-Ch-Ua | "Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99" |
Cache-Control | no-cache |
Pragma | no-cache |
Host | www.fgh-sz.com |
Priority | u=0, i |
Accept-Encoding | gzip, deflate, br, zstd |
Sec-Fetch-Dest | document |
Sec-Fetch-User | ?1 |
Sec-Fetch-Mode | navigate |
Sec-Fetch-Site | none |
Accept | text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7 |
User-Agent | Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com) |
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests | 1 |
Sec-Ch-Ua-Platform | "Windows" |
Sec-Ch-Ua-Mobile | ?0 |
Sec-Ch-Ua | "Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99" |
Cache-Control | no-cache |
Pragma | no-cache |
Host | www.fgh-sz.com |
CodeIgniter Version: | 4.2.0 |
PHP Version: | 7.4.33 |
PHP SAPI: | fpm-fcgi |
Environment: | development |
Base URL: | https://www.fgh-sz.com/ |
Timezone: | PRC |
Locale: | en |
Content Security Policy Enabled: | No |